CHAPTER ONE
THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD (SALLALLAHO ALAIHE WA SALLAM)
Part 'A' 571-596 AD with Abu Talib upto 25 years of age
The father of Hz. Muhammad صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم , Hz.Abdullah رضي الله عنه was the son of Abdul Muttalib.* His genealogy has been traced to the noble house of Hz. Ismael عليه السلام Alahissalam, the son of Prophet Abraham عليه السلام aihissalam in about the fortieth descent.
*Abdul Muttalib was the son of Hashim bin Abd Manaf bin Qussay bin Murrah bin Kaab bin Luayy bin Ghalib bin Fihr bin Malik bin Nadr bin Kananah. Beyond Kananah the ancestry extended to Ismail, and Ibrahim, some 2500 years earlier.
Father expired before birth.
Before the birth of Hz. Muhammad صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم , Hz.Abdullah had been on a buisiness trip to Shyam and was returning from Busra via Dumtal Jindal, Tiema and Khaiber but he fell ill and halted at Madina (Yathrib) with his maternal uncle for a month, died and was buried there. By that time, Hz. Muhammad SAWS was in his mother's womb just for two months.
Hazarat Aminah, رضي الله عنها the mother of Hz. Muhammad صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم was the daughter of Wahb Ibn 'Abdul Manaf of the Zahrah family.Hazarat Aminah, رضي الله عنها the mother of Hz. Muhammad صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم was the daughter of Wahb Ibn 'Abdul Manaf of the Zahrah family.
2. 570 AD Birth
Now, there has come to you a Rasool from among yourselves, the one who grieves at your loss and who is excessively anxious for your success in both worlds, and who is compassionate and merciful towards the believers. Now, if they turn away from you, (O Prophet) say: "Allah is all-sufficient for me. There is no god but Him. In Him I have put my trust. He is the Rabb of the Mighty Throne." Surah 9.128-129
Hazarat Muhammad صل الله عليه و سلم Sallallaho alaihe wa sallam was born in Mecca (Makkah), Arabia, on Monday the 12th Rabi' Al-Awwal, the year of elephants, 53 years before Hijrat. The date as per Christian era commensurate to 30th August 570. Historians are having different views and it is also said that the date was 2 August A.D. 570 or 20th April 571.
3.Bought up in rural atmosphere
It was a custom in the Arab nobles that a child is sent after eight days of birth, to suck a rural lady's milk in the open rural atmosphere so that he is brought up not only strong and stout but also would have the pure Arabic dialect. Accordingly Hz. Muhammad صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم was sent with the keeper Hz. Haleema Sadia, رضي الله عنها wife of Hz. Harith residing the in village Shuhta in Khaibate Banu Saad 60 KM through hilly track. She suckled him for about two years and thereafter returned the child to his family at his age of about four or five years She was very pleased to keep the child with her. the other children, the daughter Sheema and the son Abdullah loved him very much and often took him to play in the forest while grazing their goats. Due to his presence amongst them, all her cattle and the harvest were giving better yield.
4.Unusual incident at forest
As the time was passing by pleasantly, an incident occurred in the forest as narrated by other child. When they were in the forest, two white clothed persons came and cut open the stomach of Hz. Muhammad صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم , extracted something and then returned the stomach in its original shape. Hz. Haleema رضي الله عنها decided to return the child because she got scared due to this unusual happening. Therefore she hastened to return Hz.Muhammad صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم to her mother.
5. Mother expired in childhood
In the year 575 or 576 AD Hz. Amina went to Yathrib with her son to visit her own Banu Najjar family and as she was returning, she seriously became ill in the middle of her journey to Mecca. She died and was buried at the place Abwa' which is nearly half way from Medina to Mecca. Her lady servant Hz. Umme Aiman رضي الله عنها who accompanied her, took the 6 year old child and brought safely to his grand father.
The letter ث as in يثربYathrib is pronounced nearer to 'tha' rather than 'sa' as is usually pronounced in Urdu such Usman for عثمان Uthman.
6. Grandfather expired
Just two years after,in 578 AD, when Hz. Muhammed صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم was about nine years old the grandfather Hz. Abu Muttalib also expired.Thus Hz. Muhammad صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم went in the care of his uncle Hz. Abu Talib رضى الله عنه who took him in his family.
7. Childhood
In the house of uncle Hz. Abu Talib, Muhammad صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم was well cared for and was loved more than own sons. His aunty Fatima gave him the love of mother. In this environment he grew into manhood.
8. 585 AD.As a youth
Hz. Muhammad صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم was not free from the cares of life in his early years. He had to watch the flocks of his uncle, who like the rest of the Banu Hashim, had lost the greater part of his wealth.
9. Federation of Fudul
Conditions prevailed in Mecca Since the death of the chief of Quraish, Abdul Muttalib, authority in Mecca was divided among the ten senators who constituted the governing body. There was no such accord among them as to ensure the safety of individual rights and property. Though family relations afforded some degree of protection to citizens, strangers were frequently exposed to persecution and oppression. In many cases they were robbed, not only of their goods, but even of their wives and daughters. At the instigation of the faithful Hz. Muhammad صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم , an old league called the Federation of Fudul, i.e.فضول, favors, was revived with the object of repressing lawlessness and defending every weak individual - whether local or stranger, free or slave - against any wrong or oppression to which he might be the victim within the territories of Mecca.
10. Business activities
He was a business partner of his uncle Zubair as her mother has
invested the money, she inherited after death of Hz.Abullah رضى الله
عنه He had also been on a
trip to Yemen with Zubair at the age of about 10 years for the purchase of
scents to be sold in Mecca during Haj days.
The Prophet صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم had been on a business trip with his two uncles Hz. Abu Talib رضى الله عنه
and Harith bin Abdul Muttalib at the age of 12
years. He had gone upto Busra towards Syam which lasted for some months. A Christian monk, Bahira met them. His real
name was Barjees. As he saw the Prophet صل الله
عليه و على الهى و سلم he said that the boy is the apostle of God
and would be the blessings for both the worlds. He said to Abu Talib:
"Return with this boy and guard him against the hatred of the Jews, for a
great career awaits your nephew."
12. Other business trips
Other business trips the Prophet صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم undertook with Hz. Abu Bakr رضى الله عنه for the purchase of cloths and thereafter for the business of Hz. Khadijaرضي الله عنها with her servant Maisra and one of her relative Khazima bin Hakeem Sulmi when he was quite young. There are strong plausible grounds to hold that the Holy Prophet undertook at least one or two journeys every year which were generally undertaken to Yemen and Syria and the young Ali often accompanied him. He did some sea voyages as well and visited Egypt and Abyssinia.
13. 585 AD The battle of Fijar
This battle is called the battle of Fijar because it was fought in the months when fighting is banned. It was fought in or about 585 AD between the Hawazins and the Quraish because of certain old disputes. The Quraish were in batter position initially but ultimately the enemy had the upper hand. The battle was ended with a compromise according to which blood money had to be given to either party for the loss of more than equal number of deads. The Holy Prophet صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم participated in the war at the age of 15 years. He picked and handed over the arrows which were thrown by the enemy, to his uncles. Abu Talib.
14. 585 Hilful fudul
Immediately after the battle of Fijar, the five main tribes of the Quraish and took oath to be helpful to anyone who is suppressed and put to loss. This oath was taken after an incident which too place thereafter. A trader came from Yemen to sail his goods at Mecca. A'as bin Vail purchase his goods but did not pay the money. He approached various leader of the tribes of Quraish but no one could be of any help. At last he climbed on the Jabale Abu Qais and cried for help. Zubair bin Abdul Muttalib tried his best and so the trader could get his money. This decesion was taken at the house of a leader Abdullah bin Jad'aan at Makkah so that such incidents do not occur. The Holy Prophet often said that he was proud of the oath that he had taken about the fulfillment of the objectives of the "Hilf-ul-Fudul."
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In arabic, the letter ض is pronounced nearer to 'da' rather than 'za' as in Urdu. Therefore all word with this letter are pronounced as fudul for فضول and likewise.
15. 'Al ameen' the faithful.
Correctness of manners and purity of morals were observed in Hz. Muhammad صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم ever since birth as were rare among the people of Mecca because of these and the honesty, the citizens of Mecca used to called him "Al Ameen," The Faithful.
16. 570 AD The year of elephants.
This battle is called the battle of Fijar because it was fought in the months when fighting is banned. It was fought in or about 585 AD between the Hawazins and the Quraish because of certain old disputes. The Quraish were in batter position initially but ultimately the enemy had the upper hand. The battle was ended with a compromise according to which blood money had to be given to either party for the loss of more than equal number of deads. The Holy Prophet صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم participated in the war at the age of 15 years. He picked and handed over the arrows which were thrown by the enemy, to his uncles. Abu Talib.
Immediately after the battle of Fijar, the five main tribes of the Quraish and took oath to be helpful to anyone who is suppressed and put to loss. This oath was taken after an incident which too place thereafter. A trader came from Yemen to sail his goods at Mecca. A'as bin Vail purchase his goods but did not pay the money. He approached various leader of the tribes of Quraish but no one could be of any help. At last he climbed on the Jabale Abu Qais and cried for help. Zubair bin Abdul Muttalib tried his best and so the trader could get his money. This decesion was taken at the house of a leader Abdullah bin Jad'aan at Makkah so that such incidents do not occur. The Holy Prophet often said that he was proud of the oath that he had taken about the fulfillment of the objectives of the "Hilf-ul-Fudul."
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In arabic, the letter ض is pronounced nearer to 'da' rather than 'za' as in Urdu. Therefore all word with this letter are pronounced as fudul for فضول and likewise.
Correctness of manners and purity of morals were observed in Hz. Muhammad صل الله عليه و على الهى و سلم ever since birth as were rare among the people of Mecca because of these and the honesty, the citizens of Mecca used to called him "Al Ameen," The Faithful.
Have you not considered how your Rabb dealt with the Army of the Elephant (reference is made to Abraha, a Christian king of Yaman, who attacked Makkah with the army of elephants in the year of the Prophet Muhammad's birth)? Did He not make their treacherous plan a flop? And send against them flocks of birds, which pelted them with stones of baked clay, thus rendered them like the chewed-up chaff. Surah 105
In Yemen, the ruler Abraha built a glorious and beautiful church at Sana'. His intention was to debar the passage of the pilgrims intending to visit the holy Kaaba * in Mecca and to divert them to visit and pray at this church in its stead. This annoyed the Arabs as it was likely to effect their economy.
The Arabs were so much enraged by this step of Christians to attack on their economy that a man from banu kana'h entered the church sat night hiding himself and made it dirty with his night soil and returned back in his own territory
The episode, briefly, was that Abraha al-Ashram, who was the viceroy of Negus, the King of Abyssinia, in Yemen built an imposing cathedral in Sana'a and gave it the name of al-Qullays. He intended to divert the Arab's pilgrimage to this cathedral. Being a Christian, Abraha had found it intolerably offensive that the Ka'bah should remain the great national shrine, attracting crowds of pilgrims from almost every Arabian clan. He desired that his cathedral should replace Ka'bah as the most sacred chapel of Arabia. This was, however, something inglorious for the Arabs. Veneration of the Ka'bah was a settled disposition with the Arabs: they neither equated any other place of worship with the Ka'bah nor they could have exchanged it with anything howsoever precious. The perturbation caused by the declared intentions of Abraha set them on fire. Some Kinanite dare-devils accepted the challenge and one of them defiled the cathedral by defecating in it. Now, this caused a serious tumult. Abraha was enraged and he swore that he would not take rest until he had destroyed the Ka'bah. .
18. Abraha decided to attack
When Abraha knew it, he became furious and took oath to attack and destroy the holy Kaaba forthwith. He immediately took a force of 60,000 men and 13 elephants and went straight in the vicinity of Mecca. When they reached Taif, a leader of Bani thaqeef provided them a man named Abur Ghar to lead the way of Mecca but when there destination was about 6 miles, Abur Ghar died and was buried at 'Almughammas'. Arabs used to through stones toward his grave and cursed Bani thaqeef for leading the forces of Abrah for his evel designs.
When Abraha knew it, he became furious and took oath to attack and destroy the holy Kaaba forthwith. He immediately took a force of 60,000 men and 13 elephants and went straight in the vicinity of Mecca. When they reached Taif, a leader of Bani thaqeef provided them a man named Abur Ghar to lead the way of Mecca but when there destination was about 6 miles, Abur Ghar died and was buried at 'Almughammas'. Arabs used to through stones toward his grave and cursed Bani thaqeef for leading the forces of Abrah for his evel designs.
19. Cattle confiscated
Anyhow the forces reached in the vicinity of Mecca and confiscated all the cattle grazing their. The cattle included 200 camels of leader of Quraish, Abdul Muttalib alone. Abraha then sent a messenger to Mecca to convey that his mission is not to fight but only to destroy the Kaaba.
Anyhow the forces reached in the vicinity of Mecca and confiscated all the cattle grazing their. The cattle included 200 camels of leader of Quraish, Abdul Muttalib alone. Abraha then sent a messenger to Mecca to convey that his mission is not to fight but only to destroy the Kaaba.
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